Clavicle Fractures
The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, slender bone located in the upper chest and shoulder area. It connects the breastbone (sternum) to the shoulder blade (scapula), acting as a strut that supports shoulder movement and stability. Because of its exposed position and structural role, the clavicle is one of the most commonly fractured bones — particularly in children, adolescents, and athletes. Most clavicle fractures occur in the middle third of the bone, an area known as the midshaft.
Causes
Clavicle fractures usually result from:
- Falls onto the shoulder or outstretched arm, such as during sports or accidents.
- Direct blows to the shoulder or chest, often from contact sports or vehicle collisions.
- Birth injuries in newborns, typically during difficult deliveries.
Symptoms
A broken collarbone can often be recognized by the following symptoms:
- Sharp pain at the site of injury, especially when moving the arm or shoulder.
- Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the collarbone area.
- A visible bump or deformity, where the bone may appear raised or out of alignment.
- Limited range of motion in the shoulder and arm.
- Grinding or crackling sensations when moving the shoulder.
- In severe cases, numbness or tingling in the arm may occur if nerves are affected.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Contact LuskinOIC’s Fracture Center if:
- If the bone appears to have punctured the skin or if the arm feels cold or pale, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
- The bone appears misaligned or healing seems delayed.
- Pain or swelling worsens despite treatment.
- There is numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm or hand.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional will perform a physical examination and order X-rays to determine the location, severity, and type of fracture. Occasionally, a CT scan may be used for complex or displaced fractures.
Treatment Options
1. Non-Surgical Treatment
Most clavicle fractures, especially those in the midshaft, heal well without surgery. Common non-surgical treatments include:
- Arm slings or figure-of-eight braces to immobilize the shoulder and allow natural healing.
- Pain management with over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
- Ice therapy to reduce swelling in the first few days.
Healing generally takes 6–8 weeks in children.
2. Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be required if:
- The bone is significantly displaced or broken into multiple pieces.
- The fracture has caused skin tenting or an open wound.
- The break is located near the shoulder or sternum ends of the clavicle.
Surgical treatment typically involves the use of plates, screws, or rods to stabilize the bone while it heals.
Care and Recovery Tips
During recovery:
- Rest and protect the injured arm as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Avoid lifting or reaching overhead until cleared for movement.
- Gradually reintroduce motion with gentle range-of-motion exercises, usually guided by a physical therapist.
- Maintain good posture to prevent shoulder stiffness and promote alignment.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and protein to support bone healing.
Aftercare and Rehabilitation
After initial healing, rehabilitation is key to restoring full shoulder strength and mobility:
- Physical therapy helps improve flexibility, strength, and function of the shoulder joint.
- Progressive strengthening exercises can prevent re-injury and improve confidence in arm use.
- Follow-up X-rays may be done to ensure the bone is healing properly.
Most people regain full function, though mild discomfort or a small bump at the fracture site may remain.
Luskin Orthopaedic Institute for Children
Los Angeles's best in Pediatric Orthopaedic Care Since 1911
